The role of antifungal susceptibility testing in the management of patients with invasive mycoses.

The availability of standardized antifungal susceptibility testing methodologies as well as the definition of interpretative breakpoints have made possible the establishment of useful correlations between in vitro testing data and clinical results with antifungal drugs such as fluconazole and itraconazole in patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. The results obtained in these studies, however, can not be extrapolated to other organisms or clinical syndromes. Although there has been some recent progress, the interpretations of in vitro and in vivo results obtained in patients suffering cryptococcosis or invasive candidiasis needs to be further defined in order to establish meaningful clinical-laboratory correlations. Furthermore, the method needs to be fully standardized in case of filamentous fungi. It can be anticipated that the development, standardization and validation of in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing will guide clinicians in the management of patients with invasive mycoses.